
Inkstick introduction
Chinese ink is produced in stick form rather than liquid, so it lasts for generations without drying out. To use the ink, the stick is rubbed on an inkstone and mixed with water as needed. Freshly mixed ink is used with a Chinese brush with a thick body and a fine tip to produce the whole variety of textures seen in Chinese art. Fresh ink is normally preferred to pre-mixed liquid ink since the artist can control the thickness and texture/tone of the ink to produce different effects.
“Modern” Chinese ink has been shown from archeology to date back over 2,000 years, to at least 256BC, and of course there’s lots of surviving ancient Chinese calligraphy and art painted with this ink, which survives well unframed and exposed to the air.
The resulting inks are regarded as one of China’s Four Treasures of the Study and the most highly regarded is Huīmò (徽墨) which literally means ink from the historical Huizhou region ( 徽州), one half of what is now Anhui province (安徽) which includes Huangshan (Yellow Mountain).
Hui inks and Old Hu KaiWen
Old Hu Kai Wen, the most celebrated Hui ink workshop, opened in Huizhou in 18th century and supplied special inks for China’s imperial Qing family.
In 1915, Hu Kai Wen “Globe” Inkstick won Gold Award in the Panama-Pacific World Exhibition.
Now after more than 250 years, Hu Kai Wen has become China’s most most famous ink workshop and is accorded China ‘Time Honoured Brand” accreditation in recognition of its continuation of the traditional production.
See the Inkstick Buyer’s Guide and Story of Old Hu Kai Wen 胡开文 and Li Ting Gui 李廷珪 Inksticks. Yan’s blog has some dramatic pictures of how the Hu Kai Wen ink is made and our shop has over 80 varieties of Hu Kai Wen inks.
Characteristics of a Quality Inkstick
According to ancient Chinese writings, a high quality inkstick should be:
- light weight;
- easy to grind;
- smells as fresh as flower;
- as hard as jade;
- when grinding the inkstick on inkstone, it should be very quiet; [scratching sounds would indicate grit/impurities in the ink]
- the ink is like paint. very small drop of ink can create very deep colour.
- the colour can last for thousands of years.
According Li Ting Gui recipe the ingredients should ground ‘100,000’ times so the particles of ink are very fine and easily rubbed on the inkstick and mixed with water. The fine grinding of the inkstick ingredients ensured that it can be rubbed and mixed smoothly and easily to create a smooth thick ink. Since the resulting inkstick can be up to 99% carbon, it can be kept for a long time and does not fade even after use.
Caring for inksticks
Use
Rub the inkstick with a small amount of clean water to make thick fresh ink, ideally using an inkstone, moisten a brush with clean water and then dip in the ink. Oil soot inkstick is commonly recommended for painting purposes while the pine soot inkstick is often preferred for calligraphy.
Don’t soak the inkstick or use hot water or other liquids, just a little fresh water.






Care
The main components of inksticks are resin and soot, which kept normally can last a very long time (hundreds of years).
- keep dry – if the inkstick is kept in moist conditions it could encourage fungi to grow and attack the resin.
- don’t leave in the sun – direct heat could cause a new inkstick to dry out too quickly and crack
The best care is simply to simply put the inkstick back in its box after use which will keep it safe from sudden temperature/humidity changes and atmospheric pollutants: most of the high end inksticks come in a wooden box which is considered idea for storage.
If an inkstick does crack, it can be fixed by using normal glue or thick ink.
Types of Ink
The inks are grouped into three types:
- Black ink which is carbon based and used for both calligraphy and painting
- Colours, primarily for painting, are divided into two groups which are normally not mixed:
- Plant based colours which actually include both plant and insect derived colours
- Mineral based colours which include naturally occurring ores and shells
Black ink
Chinese black ink is carbon based, and could be known in English as Lamp-black.
Black ink is used not only for calligraphy but also for Chinese brush-stroke or Ink-wash painting (水墨 shuimo, also known as sumi-e / suibokuga, sumukhwa, tranh thủy mặc).
Traditional black Ink stick colour comes from soot from charred pine tree roots, specifically Pinus Massoniana 马尾松 in the Yellow Mountain area. Ink made this way has very rich natural matt dark colour.
See the History of Inkstick recipes and the Buyer’s Guide for more information on the different types and for colours see the Chinese Colours article.
Ink Shop
Inksticks
-
Deep black (油烟墨 Youyan Mo oil soot) (48)
Premium black China inksticks are made from oil soot, as may also be known in English as lampblack. Oil soot black inks are recommended for both calligraphy and painting. The type of black is deep, sophisticated, bright while not overwhelming. All types of oil soot inksticks are made with very similar raw materials. High grade inks may have added aromatic oils…
Deep black (油烟墨 Youyan Mo oil soot) (48)
-
Matt black (松烟 Song Yan pine soot) (27)
松烟 (Song Yan) Pine Soot is a very ancient type of carbon black inkstick with very rich natural matt dark colour, preferred for painting, both for to express depth and space in Shanshui landscape painting and detail such as hairs on portrait paintings. Pine soot is also used to mimic ancient calligraphy styles.
Matt black (松烟 Song Yan pine soot) (27)
-
Premium Ink range (18)
The premium ink range includes the finest inks of the different types, many made with precious ingredients and famous recipes.
Premium Ink range (18)
-
Super Glossy black (Tung/Turpentine) (19)
Glossy blacks were invented in Song dynasty by adding Turpentine, and later by using Tung oil. Tung and Turpentine inksticks are very black, glossy, and long-lasting and most suitable for painting.
Super Glossy black (Tung/Turpentine) (19)
-
仿古墨 Fanggu Mo Traditional Black Inksticks Collection (8)
仿古墨 Fanggu Mo sets of inksticks with traditional decoration.
仿古墨 Fanggu Mo Traditional Black Inksticks Collection (8)
Colours
-
Chinese colour inksticks (13)
日出江花红胜火,春来江水绿如蓝。 – 白居易 "Sunrise red flowers on the river, spring time blue-green water" - Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty Sets of natural mineral colours and individual sticks of precious colours such as Cinnabar. See Chinese Colours for details of traditional colour ink recipes. Inkston supplies fine Li Ting Gui inksticks from Old Hu Kai Wen workshop.
Chinese colour inksticks (13)
-
Jiang Si Xu Tang 姜思序堂 Natural Colour Chips (23)
Jiang SiXu Tang 姜思序堂 (Jiang SiXu Workshop) is the most prestigious natural colour workshop in China. This category includes a big selection of professional mineral colours, plant colours, and high grade industrial colours. These professional colours are profound and durable. A demonstration of how to use the colour chips by adding a small amount of water and mixing with a…
Jiang Si Xu Tang 姜思序堂 Natural Colour Chips (23)
-
Ready mixed paints (31)
Tubes and pots of Chinese colours which are premixed and ready to use, suitable for various levels of painting practice. Marie's Chinese paints are classic and economic. Sakura's paints are more profound and are also more expensive than Marie's. Both Marie's and Sakura are good option. JiangSiXuTang the famous natural colour provider also has a range of 30ml pots listed…
Ready mixed paints (31)
[…] Chinese ink sticks have been shown from archeology to date back over 2,000 years, to at least 256BC. Huīmò (徽墨) […]
[…] making #inksticks. It needs a lot of hard work to make only one inkstick — click to read more information about […]
[…] been recognised as one of the most important centres for Chinese painting, as well as home also to Old Hu Kai Wen Ink workshop and traditional inkstone workshop. The beautiful city of Huizhou has been home to a lot of […]
[…] is Chinese art’s mixing palette for ink. In particular the inks are kept in the form of a ink stick which is rubbed on the stone and mixed with water to make liquid […]
[…] been recognised as one of the most important centres for Chinese painting, as well as home also to Old Hu Kai Wen Ink workshop and traditional inkstone workshop. We asked the Shexian painters to tell us about their techniques […]
[…] Chinese ink sticks have been shown from archeology to date back over 2,000 years, to at least 256BC. Huīmò (徽墨) is one of the most famous inks, from Shexian (歙县) in Anhui province (安徽). These inks may be perfumed with musk, clove, tree oils and other Chinese medicinal aromatics. […]
[…] been recognised as one of the most important centres for Chinese painting, as well as home also to Old Hu Kai Wen Ink workshop and traditional inkstone workshop. We asked the Shexian painters to tell us about their techniques […]
The inks they have are really AMAZING! High quality!
[…] been recognised as one of the most important centres for Chinese painting, as well as home also to Old Hu Kai Wen Ink workshop and traditional inkstone […]
[…] guide to over 80 inksticks from Old Hu Kai Wen workshop for calligraphy and […]
[…] See also the Buyer’s Guide to over 80 varieties of ink from Old Hu Kai Wen, inkston introduction to chinese ink and some dramatic pictures from the Old Hu Kai Wen […]
[…] has over 2000 years history of using and making inksticks. The industry reached its heights in the Ming and Qing Dynasty when methods were most refined and […]
[…] uses the classification of the Old Hu Kai Wen workshop to categorize over 80 inksticks into these main […]
[…] de couleurs naturelles et bâton individuel de couleurs précieuses, comme Cinabre et Perle. Lisez les encres traditionnels faits à la main (actuellement en anglais) pour plus de détails sur les recettes traditionnelles d’encre de […]
[…] of natural stone colours and individual stick of precious colours such as Cinnabar and Pearl. See traditional handmade inksticks for details of traditional colour ink […]
[…] verwendet die Klassifizierung der Werkstatt Old Hu Kai Wen (Old Hu Kai Wen workshop), um über 80 Stangentuschen in die folgenden Hauptgruppen zu […]
[…] most highly-regarded Chinese ink paintings are monochromatic because they are painted using a single color – […]